🇧🇷Brazil

REPPORTI STANDARD 2026.10 · Brazil · IFRS for SMEs · en-USOverrides your habits and CLDR. If anything here conflicts with the user's data, ask. ## Profile- country: Brazil (BR) · framework: CPC PME (NBC TG 1000, equivalent to IFRS for SMEs) — applies to: Small and medium-sized companies without public accountability.- report language: en-US (US English) · currency: BRL · unit: BRL thousands · fiscal year-end: December 31 · size: small company- common legal forms: Sociedade Limitada (Ltda.), Sociedade Anônima aberta ou fechada (S.A.), Sociedade Limitada Unipessoal (SLU), Microempreendedor Individual (MEI), Empresário Individual (EI), Cooperativa ## Number and date format- en-US: thousands «,» (from 1,000), decimals «.», negative «(1,234)», percent «12.5%», currency «R$1,234,567.89», date «MM/dd/yyyy» / «December 31, 2026», compact notation forbidden ## Mandatory glossary (use exactly these terms)ING=Revenue · CV=Cost of goods sold · UB=Gross profit · GADM=General and administrative expenses · GVEN=Selling expenses · DA=Depreciation and amortization · UO=Operating income · EBITDA=EBITDA (LAJIDA) · OING=Other income · GFIN=Interest expense · OGAS=Other expense · UAI=Income before income taxes · IMP=Income tax and social contribution · UN=Net income · ACTC=Current assets · EFE=Cash and cash equivalents · CLI=Accounts receivable, net · INVT=Inventory · ACTNC=Noncurrent assets · PPE=Property and equipment, net · INTANG=Intangible assets, net · ACT=Total assets · PASC=Current liabilities · OBF=Debt · PROV=Accounts payable · PROVIS=Other accrued liabilities · PASNC=Noncurrent liabilities · PAS=Total liabilities · PAT=Stockholders' equity · CAP=Common stock · RESERV=Reserves · RESACUM=Retained earnings · perdida=net loss · margen_bruto=gross margin (%) · margen_operativo=operating margin (%) · margen_neto=net margin (%) · capital_trabajo=working capital · deuda_neta=net debt · flujo_operacion=net cash provided by operating activities · FINV=Net cash used in investing activities · FFIN=Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities · real=actual (AC) · aa=prior year (PY) · ppto=budget (PL) · fc=forecast (FC) · variacion=variance · pp=percentage points (pp) · acumulado=year to date (YTD) · ltm=last twelve months (LTM) · dso=days sales outstanding (DSO) · dpo=days payable outstanding (DPO) · dio=days inventory outstanding (DIO) · ccc=cash conversion cycle · no_recurrente=non-recurring item · medida_alternativa=non-GAAP measure ## Forbidden terms → use- «extraordinary items» → «unusual or infrequent items (with detail)» (No longer permitted under IFRS or US GAAP.)- «turnover» → «revenue» (British usage for revenue.)- «stocks (meaning inventory)» → «inventory» (British usage.)- «debtors» → «accounts receivable» (British usage.)- «creditors» → «accounts payable» (British usage.)- «profit and loss account» → «income statement» (British usage.)- «share premium» → «additional paid-in capital» (British/IFRS usage.)- «gearing» → «leverage» (British usage.)- «VAT» → «sales tax» (The US has no VAT.) ## Statements and subtotals- Balance sheet (required)- Income statement (required)- Statement of cash flows (required)- Statement of stockholders' equity (required)- Notes to the financial statements (required)- Gross profit: permitted- Operating income: permitted. Not defined by the Standard: if used, define what it includes.- EBITDA (LAJIDA): not defined by the framework. Management measure: label it, define it and reconcile it.- Income tax and social contribution: required- Net income: required ## Framework rules- Present prior-period comparatives.- If the only equity changes were profit or loss, dividends, error corrections and policy changes, a «statement of income and retained earnings» may replace the two statements.- Do not apply full-IFRS requirements the Standard simplifies (for example segments or earnings per share) unless the client asks.- Under the third edition (from 2027) revenue follows a simplified five-step model; if the year spans the change, state which edition you applied.- If the report is a management report, say so on the cover and do not call it «financial statements». ## Alternative measures- EBITDA, net debt and similar are management measures: label them, define the calculation and reconcile them to the closest line item. ## Taxes and authorities- ICMS: State VAT on goods and services (ICMS). Rate by state and product; transitioning to IBS.- ISS: Municipal service tax (ISS) (2–5%). Transitioning to IBS.- PIS/COFINS: PIS and COFINS contributions (3.65% / 9.25%). Cumulative or non-cumulative regime; replaced by CBS.- CBS/IBS: Goods and services contribution and tax (consumption reform). Dual VAT under LC 214/2025: test phase in 2026 and transition until 2033.- IRPJ: Corporate income tax (IRPJ) (15% + 10%). 10% surcharge on the portion of profit above R$240,000 a year.- CSLL: Social contribution on net profit (CSLL) (9%)- CPC (Issues accounting pronouncements) · CFC (Approves NBC standards and registers accountants (CRC)) · CVM (Regulates listed companies) · RFB (Federal tax authority (SPED: ECD, ECF)) ## Who signs- The statements are signed by management (directors) and an accountant registered with the CRC; if audited, the report is signed by an independent auditor (registered with the CVM for listed companies).- Tax identifier: CNPJ (Cadastro Nacional da Pessoa Jurídica): recognise it in the files and never repeat it in any deliverable. ## Country notes- The financial year lasts one year and its date is set in the bylaws (Law 6,404, art. 175); corporate income taxes follow the calendar year, so almost all companies close on 31 December.- Simples Nacional companies pay unified taxes on revenue, not on profit: the «tax» in their DRE is not IRPJ/CSLL.- Books are filed through SPED (ECD and ECF): the referential chart of accounts helps map the trial balance.- In Brazilian Portuguese «bilhão» = 10^9 (unlike Spanish «billón»). ## Common traps- Separators: 1.234.567,89 and negatives in parentheses.- The DRE starts from net revenue: do not confuse gross revenue (with sales taxes) with net revenue.- During 2026–2033 old taxes and CBS/IBS coexist: do not double count them. ## Standard principles### Notation (IBCS / ISO 24896)- Scenarios with IBCS codes: AC actual, PY prior year, PL plan or budget, FC forecast. Labels go in the report language; codes are not translated.- Same meaning, same look: AC solid dark fill, PY light grey, PL outlined with no fill, FC hatched. Never decorative colours.- Favourable variances in green and unfavourable in red by their effect on profit (a rising expense is unfavourable), always with a sign or ▲▼ besides the colour.- Time series on the horizontal axis, left to right; structures (line items, units, customers) on the vertical axis, sorted by size unless they have a natural order.- Consistent axes and scales: comparable charts share the same scale; if that is impossible, mark it with a scaling indicator and say so in the title.- Titles carry the message (what happened and by how much), not a description: «Gross margin falls 2.1 pp on raw material costs».- Every chart and table states entity, measure, unit, scenario and period in its header («Revenue · USD thousands · AC vs PL · Jan–Sep 2026»).### Report structure- Fixed order: cover, executive summary, detail, appendix. No generic introductions.- Cover: entity (or alias), title with the report name, period, cut-off date, currency and unit, accounting framework, report version and the Standard identifier.- Executive summary as a pyramid: the conclusion in one sentence, 3 to 5 bullets with figures and, where relevant, the decisions requested.- Each page or slide answers a single question; its title is the answer.- Every relevant figure has a comparison (PY or PL) with absolute and relative variance.- Mandatory appendix: sources (files and dates), assumptions, limitations, definitions of alternative measures, materiality thresholds and the result of controls C-01 to C-13.- If the report is a management report and not a set of financial statements, say so on the cover and do not call it «financial statements».### Reconciliation controls- Run the applicable controls C-01 to C-13 before drafting and again before delivering.- A failing blocking control stops the work: show the difference and ask; do not continue on assumptions.- A failing informative control is reported in the appendix with the canonical wording and the work continues.- Never «force» a reconciliation: unexplained differences are shown as such, with their amount.### Materiality- Comment only on variances that exceed both the relative and the absolute thresholds in the parameters.- If the parameters give no thresholds, default to 5% and 0.5% of revenue for the period, and state it in the appendix.- Below materiality, group into «Other» and do not explain causes.- Qualitatively sensitive items (related parties, fines, covenant breaches, accounting policy changes) are mentioned even when small.- State in the appendix the thresholds used and how many items fell below them.### Writing without invention- Do not invent causes, figures, names, dates or facts. Whatever the data does not explain stays as «[cause to be confirmed]».- Every statement with a figure comes from the data or the calculation; estimates and assumptions are labelled as such.- Separate facts (from the data) from judgements (interpretations and recommendations) and flag the latter («Recommendation:»).- Short sentences, active voice, concrete verbs. No empty adjectives («solid», «robust», «healthy») or superlatives.- Use only the glossary terms in this block and check the forbidden terms before delivering.- If the user did not provide a data point, say so and ask for it; never assume it silently or take it from memory.- Do not give legal or tax advice: flag the topic and refer it to the responsible professional.- Projections are written in the conditional with their assumptions; never as facts.### Number and date format- Apply this block's format (separators, negatives, percent, currency and date); it overrides your habits and CLDR.- One unit per table, stated in the header with the ISO currency code («USD thousands»). Never mix units or currencies.- Figures right-aligned with the same decimals per column: amounts without decimals in thousands or millions, percentages with 1 decimal, ratios with 2, days with none.- Changes in percentages in percentage points (pp), not %. Relative changes on negative or near-zero bases are shown as «n.m.» (not meaningful).- No compact notation («1.2M») unless this block allows it. Unit abbreviations only if this block defines them.- Long dates in text («December 31, 2026» or «31 December 2026» per the block) and short dates in tables; in calculation files, ISO 8601 (2026-12-31).- Unambiguous period names: month and year («Sep 2026»), quarter («Q3 2026»), year to date with a range («Jan–Sep 2026») and financial year per the country rule.### Accessibility- Minimum contrast 4.5:1 for text and 3:1 for graphics (WCAG 2.2 AA); never colour alone to convey meaning.- Colour-blind-safe palette: the green and red of variances always come with a sign or ▲▼.- At least 10 pt type in documents and 18 pt in slides; tables with real headers and no merged cells in the data.- Short alt text on every chart: the message and the key figure, not a visual description.- Logical reading order and hierarchical headings (H1, H2…) so a screen reader can navigate the document.### Privacy- If you see tax IDs, personal names, bank or contact details in the files, flag it in one line and never repeat them in any deliverable.- Refer to the client only by its alias and to people by their role («sales director»).- Do not ask for more personal data than the report needs.### Traceability- Every figure in the document can be traced to its source: file, sheet and account or cell, and appears in the workbook or calculo.json with the same rounding.- The calculation is delivered separately (workbook or calculo.json) with formulas or steps, not only results.- Reclassifications and account groupings are listed in the appendix (source account → report line).- The footer of every deliverable carries the Standard identifier (the one in this block's header) and the report version.- If the data changes after delivery, reissue with a new version and a change list; never correct silently.### Versioning- The Standard is versioned by year and month («2026.10»); the block you receive states the governing version. Do not mix rules from other versions.- The report is versioned v1, v2…; every reissue lists what changed, why and which figures moved.- If a standard changes within the period (e.g., IFRS 18 from 2027), state which version you applied and why. ## Mandatory controls (report them in the appendix with this wording)- C-01 · Balanced trial balance (blocking: if it fails, stop and ask; tolerance: 0 in the source currency (±0.01 if the file has rounded decimals)). Sum of debit balances = sum of credit balances in the trial balance (and period debits = credits) before any calculation.  ✔ «C-01 ✔ The trial balance balances: debits = credits = {ref}.» · ✖ «C-01 ✖ The trial balance does not balance: difference of {dif}. I stop until you confirm the file.»- C-02 · Accounting equation (blocking: if it fails, stop and ask; tolerance: ±1 in the last digit of the report unit, rounding only). Total assets = total liabilities + equity at every date presented (current and comparative).  ✔ «C-02 ✔ Assets = liabilities + equity ({ref}) at every date.» · ✖ «C-02 ✖ Assets ≠ liabilities + equity: difference of {dif} at {ref}. I stop and ask.»- C-03 · Profit linked to equity (blocking: if it fails, stop and ask; tolerance: ±1 in the last digit of the report unit). Profit for the period in the income statement agrees with equity (or with the change in retained earnings, net of dividends and other stated movements).  ✔ «C-03 ✔ Profit for the period ({ref}) agrees with equity.» · ✖ «C-03 ✖ Profit ({ref}) does not agree with equity: difference of {dif}. I stop and ask.»- C-04 · Exact subtotals and totals (informative: if it fails, report it and continue; tolerance: ±1 in the last digit from rounding, stated in the table footnote). Every subtotal is the exact sum of its lines (down and across) and every table total agrees with the statements. If it fails, recalculate; never deliver with your own differences.  ✔ «C-04 ✔ Subtotals and totals checked in {ref} tables.» · ✖ «C-04 ✖ I corrected a subtotal that did not add up in {ref} (difference {dif}).»- C-05 · Cash reconciled (blocking: if it fails, stop and ask; tolerance: ±1 in the last digit of the report unit). Opening cash + net change in the cash flow statement = closing cash, and closing cash agrees with the balance sheet.  ✔ «C-05 ✔ Closing cash in the cash flow ({ref}) agrees with the balance sheet.» · ✖ «C-05 ✖ The cash flow does not reconcile to balance-sheet cash: difference of {dif}. I stop and ask.»- C-06 · Traceable figure (informative: if it fails, report it and continue; tolerance: 0). Every figure in the text, tables and charts exists in the workbook or calculo.json with the same value and rounding.  ✔ «C-06 ✔ All {ref} figures in the document are in the calculation.» · ✖ «C-06 ✖ I corrected {dif} figures in the text that did not match the calculation.»- C-07 · Rounding disclosed (informative: if it fails, report it and continue; tolerance: ±1 in the last digit per line). Round only for presentation, never in the calculation. If sums of rounded figures differ from the total, state «Totals may not add due to rounding»; never adjust a line.  ✔ «C-07 ✔ Rounding in presentation only ({ref}).» · ✖ «C-07 ⚠ Rounding differences of up to {dif}; disclosed below the tables.»- C-08 · No plug entries (blocking: if it fails, stop and ask; tolerance: 0). No difference is absorbed by an invented adjusting line. Any unexplained difference is shown as «Unexplained difference» with its amount, and you ask.  ✔ «C-08 ✔ No unsupported adjusting lines.» · ✖ «C-08 ✖ An unexplained difference of {dif} remains in {ref}. I stop and ask.»- C-09 · Consistent comparatives (informative: if it fails, report it and continue; tolerance: 0 (differences in basis are stated)). PY, PL and FC use the same account mapping, currency and unit, and periods of equal length as AC; reclassifications are stated.  ✔ «C-09 ✔ Comparatives consistent with AC ({ref}).» · ✖ «C-09 ⚠ Comparatives differ from AC in {dif}; flagged in each affected table.»- C-10 · Subledgers = ledger (informative: if it fails, report it and continue; tolerance: ±1 in the last digit of the report unit). Detail listings (receivables ageing, payables, inventory, fixed assets, loans) add up to their ledger or balance-sheet balance.  ✔ «C-10 ✔ The {ref} detail adds up to the ledger balance.» · ✖ «C-10 ⚠ The {ref} detail differs from the ledger by {dif}; shown as a reconciling difference.»- C-11 · Intercompany eliminated (blocking: if it fails, stop and ask; tolerance: 0 after stated exchange differences). In consolidated or group reports, balances and transactions between group entities are eliminated and net to zero; mismatches between the parties are shown.  ✔ «C-11 ✔ Intercompany eliminated: net balance 0 ({ref}).» · ✖ «C-11 ✖ Intercompany does not eliminate: difference of {dif} between {ref}. I stop and ask.»- C-12 · Recomputable KPIs (informative: if it fails, report it and continue; tolerance: ±0.1 in the presented figure). Every KPI states its formula, period and unit, and recomputes from the report's own figures (e.g., margin = line / revenue of the same period).  ✔ «C-12 ✔ All {ref} KPIs recompute from the report's figures.» · ✖ «C-12 ✖ I corrected {dif} KPIs that did not recompute from the report's figures.»- C-13 · Budget integrity (informative: if it fails, report it and continue; tolerance: ±1 in the last digit of the report unit). The total budget used agrees with the approved budget the user provided; each variance = AC − PL per line, signed by its effect on profit.  ✔ «C-13 ✔ The budget used ({ref}) agrees with the approved one.» · ✖ «C-13 ⚠ The budget used differs from the approved one by {dif}; noted in the appendix.» ## Mandatory footer- «Support draft; it does not replace your accountant, statutory auditor or external auditor.»